The various components of drilling tools

The general term for the entire drilling pipe column and its joints used in drilling construction. The drilling tool consists of an active drill pipe, drill pipe, core pipe, and a bottom reamer and drill bit. A settling pipe or drill collar is also added to the upper part of the core pipe. The main function of drilling tools is to transmit drill bit pressure and rotary torque to the drill bit during the drilling process of rock layers, and to transport drilling flushing fluid to the bottom of the hole, collecting rock cores.

The various components of the drilling tool are made of seamless steel pipes to withstand the alternating loads, fatigue, and wear of the drilling tool itself during the drilling process. The deeper the borehole, the higher the performance requirements for the drilling tool. After a certain working period, the drilling tool will be scrapped due to wear and corrosion. Drilling tools are often made of alloy steel or low alloy steel and undergo appropriate heat treatment to improve their performance.

In order to improve the connection strength of drilling tools and ensure their good working performance in the hole, the connection methods between drill pipes and joints include threaded connection, plasma arc welding, and friction welding. To improve the surface wear resistance of drilling tools, surface heat treatment, chrome plating, and tungsten carbide wear-resistant layer welding on the outer surface of drill pipes, especially joints and their threaded surfaces, can be adopted, which can significantly extend the service life of drill pipes.

In order to reduce the weight of the entire drill string, aluminum magnesium zirconium or aluminum titanium alloy drill rods connected with steel joints have been developed in oil, natural gas, and geological core drilling. A specialized drilling tool used to drill through the iron hole and release molten iron using a hydraulic or pneumatic drilling rig.